Dietetic frozen food composition



2,876,104 DIETETIC FROZEN FOOD COMPOSITION 2,876,104 Patented Mar. 3, 1959 resemble sugar in capacity to affect product freezing and melting characteristics.

This invention relates to diatetic frozen food compositions containing a non-nutritive freezing point depressant Ilene 1), Bu d i Chigngo, 11],, Norm P, R l}, 6 having a volume, consistency and appearance com- Wilmington, Del., and Pranas Jncaltis, Chicago, 11]., parable to food compositions containing usual nutritive AMFIOIS, by direct and mesne assignments, to E. 1.. freezing point depressants, such as sugar. These non- Nemoure h l ya Wilmington, nutritive:freezing point depressants are used like sugar notation o d' but usually in smaller quantities. To this non-nutritive No Drawing Appuufion March 25, 1957 frozen food one may add a non-caloric sweetener to ob- Sgflal N 647,959 tan:l a sweetnelsrsl level which one lsd'acculstohmgd to Fbtain wlt sugar. us, ow ca one an car 0 y rate rozen 8 Claims (CL 99-136) desserts can be made which are easily and pleasantly usable as conventional sugar containing foodstuffs.

This invention is directed to low calorie anddiabetic 15 The frozen desserts which can be prepared using a frozen food compositions which contain a Polyose as non-nutritive Polyose as a freezing-point depressant ina non-nutritive freezing-point depressant. clude ice cream,ice milk, sherbet and water ice.

Frozen desserts such as ice cream, ice milk, sherbets In such foodstuffs a low fat content is usually used and water ices have substantial nutritive values, mostly and such fat as remains can be furnished by convenin the form of sugars andfats. To prepare low calorie tional sources, such as creams (including sweet, frozen or low carbohydrate frozen desserts it is necessary to or plastic), unsalted butter or butteroil. The milk-solidsreplace as much of the nutritive matter normally present non-fat, or serum solids can be furnished by using as possible without altering substantially the palatability whole milk, skim milk, dried whole or skim milk or concharacteristics associated with conventional desserts. To centratcd whole or skim milk. Contributing to the milkfeplflce 2 and fat, it is necessary to use as r pl solids-non-fat present, of course, are those serum solids ments substances which are not only non-nutritive but in any cream used. which also have Virtually the same effect upon the The Polyose is used in place of the bulk sugar normally P y nature of the etic p oduct as do Sugar and added to a mix because the resulting frozen product has fat n nv nti nal fr z n d ss rts. substantially all f the palatability qualities of the con- In conventional frozen desserts sugar, besides conventional nutritive counterpart. tributins sweetness, also helps in lowering the freezing Thus, instead of using cane, beet, corn, invert, or perpoint of the product: Sugar affects the freezing point haps malt sugar, a Polyose is added in an amount suffinot only by contributing to total product solids, particcient to give theproduct the desired physical characularly in low fat content frozen desserts, but also by 'teristics. Occasionally other substances as described affecting product texture and freezing and melting charmore fully below are added to enhance palatability characteristics. Pat in frozen desserts not only increases visacteristics. I cosity of the mix by contributing to total product solids A Polyose is a glucose polymer solid derived from but also gives good body and texture characteristics by starch by depolymerization followed by heat polymerizainfiuencing, for example, product hardness. tion as described in detail in the Durand Patent 2,563,014.

In general, insofar as physical effects are concerned, 40 The Polyoses are sold by the Corn Products Refining the lower the fat content, the greater the effect Company. The Polyoses have a considerably different TABLE I Ice Cream Ice Milk Shcrbets Water Ices Composition Per- Call Percent Per- CaL/ Percent Per- 08].] Percent Per- Call Percent cent pt. Cal. cent pt. Cal. cent pt. Cal. cent pt. Cal.

12 30s 53 4 102 25 2 66 12 0 0 0 MSN]? 4 10 10a is 12 12a 30 a an 7 0 0 0 Sugar 15 m 29 16 182 32 464 s1 as 570 100 Total Solids 37 582 100 32 407 100 37 569 100 35 5:0 100 Atfioverrun. A1; overrun. I At a overrun. 4 Milk-sollds-non-fat. I

of sugar upon the product. The relationship between susceptibility to amylolytic enzymes than the. original sugar content and fat content in frozen desserts is starch of its conventional degradation products. The

illustrated in Table I, which shows the average composiproducts on test contain groups which act like very small tion of, respectively, ice'cream, ice milks, sherbet, and amounts of reducing sugar, not in excess of about 5 to water ice, in terms of sugar, fat, milk-solids-non-fat, and 7 percent in Polyose A. The reducing sugar is not total solids. The table demonstrates that when fat construed as due to the presence of free glucose.

content is diminished, as usually occurs in the prepara- A preferred Polyose for purposes of the invention is tion of dietetic frozen desserts, the sugar content be- Polyose C which can be described as a glucose polymer comes an increased percentage of total solids. Hence, derived from starch by depolymerization followed by heat the lower the fat content, the greater the etfect of sugar polymerization to such an extent that at 50 percent solids upon the physical properties of the products usually it gives a viscosity (Brookfield) of 20-100 poises at containing it. F. More viscous or less viscous Polyoses can be used.

To prepare a dietetic low calorie or low carbohydrate 70 Polyose A requires 67 percent, Polyose B, 60 percent,

frozen dessert, then, a non-nutritive substance or substances must be used in place of sugar which closely and Polyose D requires only 40 percent of solids to give a viscosity equivalent to that of Polyose C.

Due to the wide range of frozen dessert type products that can be produced and the various combinations of ingredients used therein, the exact amount of Polyose that can be used in these products varies considerably. The amount used is dependent upon the product desired and other constituents present in the frozen dessert formula invloved. Generally, however, the amount of Polyose that can be used in a frozen dessert type composition varies from about 1 to 40%; more narrowly -30% by weight is used. The result is a dietetic foodstuff which has a low carbohydrate or low calorie content but which has normally high nutritive value as regards protein, mineral and vitamin content. The product is particularly useful for persons who must watch their calorie and carbohydrate intake.

Non-caloric sweetener compositions which can be added to Polyose containing frozen desserts to keep the product at its normal sweetness level include a non-caloric sweetener such as cyclamate and saccharin. The cyclamate can be any of the salts N-cyclohexysulfamic acid or the acid itself as described in Audrieth Patent'2,275,l25. Of the salts, it is preferred to use an alkali salt such as calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium cyclamate and the like. Sorbitol can also beaddedto a mixture ofnon-caloric sweetening agents as shown in the Gordon Patents 2,629,665 and 2,653,105. Substances like sorbitol are nutritive so too much of them should not be used.

Mixtures of cyclamate and saccharin can be substituted for the cyclamate only, provided one bears in mind the fact that saccharin is about times sweeter than cyclamate. If a mixture of cyclamate in saccharin is used the range of amounts of non-nutritive sweetening agents used can be defined as follows:

(1) Weight percent of cyclamate+10 weight percent of saccharin=.02 to 1 weight percent of product More narrowly:

(2) Weight percent of cyclamate+l0 weight percent of saccharin=.l to .6 weight percent of product Either cyclamate or saccharin can be used to the exclusion of the other. Formulas 1 and 2 (above) remain correct when the weight percent of either cyclamate or saccharin is equal to zero. One preferred mixture of sweetening agents contains an alkali cyclamate such as sodium or calcium cyclamate used with saccharin in a cyclamate:saccharin weight ration of 10: 1.

Still other proportions of the low calorie sweeteners 3 Weight percent of polyose Weight percent of cyelamate+10 weight percent of saccharin More narrowly:

Weight percent of polyose Weight percent of oyclamate+ 10X weight of saccharin In addition to Polyose, varying amounts of other ingredients can be used in the frozen food compositions invention, many of them in ways well understood in the art. For example, to freeze ice and ice creams success fully at home refrigerator temperature conditions it is sometimes advisable to add a thickener such as one of the following: gelatin, flour, corn starch, eggs, gum acacia, methyl cellulose, and other natural and synthetic gums. Some of these substances are nutritive and too much should not be used.

Other substances can also be added to help prevent an icy consistency and promote a palatable blend, such as corn syrup, honey, inorganic salts of various kinds, hydrolyzed protein, glycerine and the like. While these substances are also valuable as freezing point depressants some are nutritive andtoo much of them should not be used. 7

Stabilizers and emulsifiers can also be used, such as gelatin, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, starch, locust bean gum, Irish moss and the like.

In the non-limitative examples that follow, the various ingredients used in preparing the dessert mix are usually weighed and mixed while cold. The mix is then pasteurized by heating it in a container or vat to a temperature of from to F. and held at this pasteurization temperature for about 30 minutes. The mix can then be homogenized at pasteurization temperature at a pressure of from 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. Homogenation prevents the churning in the freezer of any fat present and thus improves the whipping properties of the mix and the texture of the finished product. The mix is then frozen in the usual manner.

Examples of formulas for low calorie, dietetic frozen desserts made according to this invention are as follows:

Example 1 LOW CALORIE ICE CREAM The fat and the milk -solids-non-fat are supplied by concentrated whole milk and skim milk.

Example 2 LOW CALORIE IOE MILK Gnu. Percent (Pint-522 Condensed skim milk supplies the fat and the milk solids-non-fat, together with concentrated whole milk.

Example 3 LOW CALORIE ICE MILK Gm Percent (Pint-522 gms.

Fat 4 20.88 Mllk-sollds-non-fut. 13 07. 80 P01 ose... 16 83.52 Sta lllzer 0.20 1.36 Emulslfler. 0.10 .52 Calcium cyclamate- 0. 33 1.72 nter 00. 06 344. 83 Vanilla 25 1. 31

The source of the fat for this mix is pasteurized cream testing about 30% butterfat and the balance of the milksolids-non-fat is provided by condensed skim milk.

Example 4 i LOW CALORIE SHERBET Gms. Percent (Pint-522 grns.)

Fat 1.5 7.83 M1lk-sol1ds-non-fat 3. 15. 66 34.0 177.48 0.5 2.61 0.05 .26 58. 37 304. 69 2.58 13.47

The fat and part of the milk-solids-non-fat are supplied by fresh homogenized whole milk testing 3.2%

No pasteurization step preceded the freezing and whipping operation.

We claim:

l. A dietetic frozen food composition containing between 5 and 30 composition weight percent of a glucose polymer non-nutritive freezing point depressant derived from starch by heat depolymerization followed by heat polymerization to such an extent that between 40 and 67 percent solids in water give a viscosity of 20-100 poises at 70 F., the composition also containing a sweetener selected from the group consisting of saccharin and cyclamate.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight percent of any cyclamate used plus ten times the weight percent of any saccharin used equals 0.1 to 0.6 weight percent of the composition. p

3. The dietetic frozen food composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is an ice cream.

4. The dietetic frozen food composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is an iced milk.

5. The dietetic frozen food composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is a sherbet.

6. The'dietetic frozen food composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is a water ice.

7. A dietetic frozen food composition comprising between about 1 and 40% by weight of a glucose polymer derived from starch by depolymerization followed by heat polymerization to such an extentthat between 40 and 67% solids give a viscosity of 20 to poises at 70' F., and from about 0.02 to 1% by weight of at least one sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of cyclamates and saccharin.

8. A dietetic frozen foodcomposition comprising a glucose polymer derived from starch by depolymerization followed by heat polymerization to such an extent that between 40 and 67% solids give a viscosity of 20 to 100 poises at 70 F. as a non-nutritive freezing point depressant from about 0.02 to 1% by weight of a nonnutritive sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of cyclamate and saccharin, such that:

Weight percent of cyclamate+ 10 weight percent of saccharin=.02 to 1 weight percent of product ReferencesCited in the file of this. patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,801,053 Miegs Apr. 14, 1931 2,002,963 Schade May 28, 1935 2,302,511 Wallach Nov. 17, 1942 2,423,600 Landers July 8, 1947 2,511,609 Weast June 13, 1950 2,563,014 Durand Aug. 7, 1951 2,629,665 Gordon Feb. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,876,104 March 3, 1959 Irene D. Bliudzius et 8.1.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered paten t requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 3, line 49, for "weight ration" read weight ratio Signed and sealed this 8th day of September 1959.

SEAL) fleet:

KARL HeAXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Oflicer Commissioner of Patents 

1. A DIETETIC FROZEN FOOD COMPOSITION CONTAINING BETWEEN 5 AND 30 COMPOSITION WEIGHT PERCENT OF A GLUCOSE POLYMER NON-NUTRITIVE FREEZING POINT DEPRESSANT DERIVED FROM STARCH BY HEAT DEPOLYMERIZATION FOLLOWED BY HEAT POLYMERIZATION TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT BETWEEN 40 AND 67 PERCENT SOLIDS IN WATER GIVE A VISCOSITY OF 20-100 POISES AT 70*F., THE COMPOSITION ALSO CONTAINING A SWEETENER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SACCHARIN AND CYCLAMATE. 